Farsi Words in Everyday Use
English is a melting pot of words borrowed from different languages, and one of its lesser-known influences comes from Farsi (Persian). Although English and Persian belong to other language families, historical trade, literature, and cultural exchanges have left a fascinating footprint of Persian words in English. From everyday terms to luxurious fabrics and culinary delights, Farsi has shaped English vocabulary more than many realize.
In this article, we’ll explore the Persian influence on English and introduce some of the most commonly used Farsi words in English that you might not have known originated from Persian.
1. How Did Persian Words Enter the English Language?
The influence of Persian on English dates back centuries. This linguistic exchange was mainly driven by:
- Trade and Commerce: The Silk Road and other trade routes connected Persian-speaking merchants with English traders, introducing Persian words related to goods, fabrics, and spices.
- The Mughal Empire (India): Persian was the official language of the Mughal court, and many Persian words were adopted into Hindi, which later influenced English through British colonial rule.
- Literary and Scientific Contributions: Persian scholars made significant contributions to mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and philosophy, leading to the inclusion of Persian words in academic English.
2. Common Persian Words Used in English
Many English words that we use daily have Persian origins. Here are a few surprising ones:
Bazaar (بازار – Bāzār)
A bazaar is a market or a collection of shops, a word directly borrowed from Persian. It originally referred to a marketplace in Persia and the Middle East and is now commonly used in English to describe lively shopping areas.
Checkmate (شاه مات – Shāh Māt)
In chess, “checkmate” comes from the Persian phrase “Shāh Māt” (شاه مات), meaning “the king is dead.” This phrase traveled through Arabic and French before becoming part of the English chess terminology.
Pajamas (پايجامه – Pāyjāmeh)
The word pajamas (or pyjamas) originally comes from Pāyjāmeh (پايجامه), meaning “leg garment.” This term entered English through British colonization in India, where Persian-influenced Hindi made it widespread.
Jungle (جنگل – Jangal)
The lush forests of India were called “Jangal” (جنگل) in Persian, meaning “dense forest.” The British adopted this word into English during their rule over the Indian subcontinent.
Kiosk (کیوسک – Kiosk)
Derived from the Persian word “Kūshk” (کوشک), meaning “pavilion” or “small palace,” the term evolved into its modern meaning of a small booth or stall for selling items.
Caravan (کاروان – Kārvān)
The word “caravan” originates from the Persian “Kārvān” (کاروان), which referred to a group of travelers journeying together across deserts and trade routes.
Candy (قند – Qand)
This sweet word comes from the Persian “Qand” (قند), meaning sugar. It traveled into Arabic and then into European languages before landing in English.
3. The Persian Influence on English Through Literature and Poetry
Persian literature, especially the works of Rumi, Ferdowsi, and Hafez, has left an imprint on English poetry and prose. Many Persian words, themes, and ideas have influenced English writers and poets over the centuries.
Rumi’s Impact on the English Language
Rumi, the 13th-century Persian poet, is one of the best-selling poets in the English-speaking world. His mystical and philosophical poetry has introduced Persian words and concepts like “Sufism” (صوفیگری – Ṣūfīgarī) and “dervish” (درویش – Darvīsh) into the English lexicon.
Shakespeare and Persian Influence
Some scholars suggest that Shakespeare’s plays show indirect Persian influence due to England’s early interactions with Persia during his time. His works’ themes of destiny, love, and honor parallel Persian storytelling traditions.
4. Persian Words in Modern English Slang and Culture
While many old Persian words have entered formal English, some modern Farsi words are becoming popular in English slang, especially among Persian-speaking communities.
- Baba (بابا): Meaning “father” or “dad,” Persian speakers frequently use this word in English.
- Noosh (نوش): Meaning “cheers” or “enjoy,” this word is sometimes heard in multicultural settings.
- Shabnam (شبنم): Meaning “morning dew,” this word is sometimes used in poetry and baby names.
5. Why Learning Persian (Farsi) Can Be an Advantage
Learning Persian is more than just studying a language; it’s a doorway into thousands of years of culture, poetry, and history. Here’s why you should consider learning Farsi:
- Access Persian Literature: Read Rumi, Hafez, and Saadi in their original form.
- Understand Persian Influence on Other Languages: Persian has influenced many languages, including Hindi, Urdu, Turkish, and English.
- Travel to Iran and Beyond: Speak the native language in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan.
- Cultural Appreciation: Persian is the key to understanding Persian cinema, music, and art.
💡 Interested in learning Persian? Join an online course at Danaa School and start your journey today!
FAQs
1. Is Persian an old language?
Yes, Persian is one of the world’s oldest continuously spoken languages, dating back over 2,500 years.
2. How many Persian words are used in English?
There are at least 100+ English words with Persian origins, especially in trade, textiles, food, and literature.
3. Which English word comes directly from Persian?
Words like bazaar, checkmate, candy, pajamas, jungle, and caravan all come directly from Persian.
4. What is the Persian word for “English”?
In Persian, “English” is written as “انگلیسی” (Engelisi).
5. Is Farsi difficult for English speakers to learn?
Persian has a different script but a relatively uncomplicated grammar system, making it easier for English speakers to learn than Arabic or Chinese.
6. What are some Persian words used in daily life?
Common Persian words used in English include kiosk, shawl, lemon, sofa, and musk.
7. How can I start learning Persian?
You can start learning Persian by taking an online course at Danaa School and practicing with native speakers.
