Learning weather-related vocabulary in Persian is essential for anyone interested in speaking the language fluently. Discussing the weather is a universal conversation starter transcending cultures, and Persian is no exception. 

By mastering weather conditions in Persian, you can describe daily weather, understand forecasts, and engage in deeper cultural conversations about nature and seasons.

Whether you are preparing for a trip to Iran, deepening your cultural appreciation, or expanding your linguistic skills, this guide provides everything you need to discuss the weather like a native speaker. 

Let’s explore the top 15 weather conditions in Persian, their meanings, and how to use them in everyday conversation.

The Importance of Weather Conditions in Persian

Weather is one of the first topics most people learn when studying a new language. In Persian, the word for “weather” is آب و هوا (ab o hava), literally meaning “water and air.” This poetic representation reflects the importance of nature in Persian culture, as seen in its rich history of literature and art. 

From classical poetry by Hafez and Rumi to modern conversations, discussing the weather is a recurring theme.

For Persian learners, understanding how to talk about the weather enhances daily conversations and builds a foundation for more advanced language skills. Let’s break down these vocabulary terms and their usage.

Basic Weather Vocabulary in Persian

• Hava (هوا) – Weather

The word hava is a versatile term used to describe the weather in general. Iranians often use it to describe the day.

• • Example: هوا چطور است؟ (Hava chetor ast?) – “How is the weather?”

• Aftabi (آفتابی) – Sunny

Sunny days are often a favorite for outings or festivals.

• • Example: امروز هوا آفتابی است. (Emrooz hava aftabi ast.) – “Today, the weather is sunny.”

• Barani (بارانی) – Rainy

Rain is associated with renewal in Persian culture, making barani a significant term.

• • Example: دیروز بارانی بود. (Dirooz barani bood.) – “It was rainy yesterday.”

• Barfi (برفی) – Snowy

Snowy weather, common in many parts of Iran during winter, is described as barfi.

• • Example: زمستان برفی زیبایی داشت. (Zemestan barfi zibayi dasht.) – “The snowy winter was beautiful.”

• Sard (سرد) – Cold

Cold weather is expressed with sard, a simple yet essential term.

• • Example: امروز خیلی سرد است. (Emrooz kheili sard ast.) – “It’s very cold today.”

• Garm (گرم) – Hot

Hot weather, especially during Iranian summers, is described with garm.

• • Example: هوا در تابستان گرم می‌شود. (Hava dar tabestan garm mishavad.) – “The weather becomes hot in summer.”

Advanced Persian Weather Vocabulary

• Bad (باد) – Wind

The word bad describes wind or windy conditions, which are common in deserts and mountainous regions of Iran.

• • Example: باد شدید می‌وزد. (Bad shadid mivazad.) – “The wind is blowing strongly.”

• Meh-alood (مه‌آلود) – Foggy

Foggy weather is described as meh-alood, often used in mountainous areas.

• • Example: هوا مه‌آلود است. (Hava meh-alood ast.) – “The weather is foggy.”

• Toofani (طوفانی) – Stormy

Toofani refers to stormy or tempestuous weather, which can occur during certain seasons in coastal regions.

• • Example: دیشب طوفانی بود. (Dishab toofani bood.) – “Last night was stormy.”

• Martoob (مرطوب) – Humid

Humid weather, typical in Iran’s northern regions, is described as martoob.

• • Example: هوا در شمال ایران مرطوب است. (Hava dar shomal-e Iran martoob ast.) – “The weather in northern Iran is humid.”

• Khoshk (خشک) – Dry

Dry weather is described with khoshk, often associated with desert climates.

• • Example: هوا در کویر خشک است. (Hava dar kavir khoshk ast.) – “The weather in the desert is dry.”

• Abri (ابری) – Cloudy

Abri refers to cloudy weather, often signaling rain.

• • Example: آسمان ابری است. (Aseman abri ast.) – “The sky is cloudy.”

• Mo’tadel (معتدل) – Mild

Moderate or mild weather is described with mo’tadel, often used for spring or fall.

• • Example: هوا در بهار معتدل است. (Hava dar bahar mo’tadel ast.) – “The weather in spring is mild.”

• Khonak (خنک) – Cool

Cool weather, especially in the evenings, is expressed with khonak.

• • Example: شب‌ها خنک است. (Shab-ha khonak ast.) – “The nights are cool.”

• Yakhbandan (یخبندان) – Freezing

Freezing conditions are described with yakhbandan, particularly in winter.

• • Example: در زمستان یخبندان داریم. (Dar zemestan yakhbandan darim.) – “We have freezing conditions in winter.”