Learning Persian (Farsi) is an enriching journey that opens the doors to Iranian culture, literature, and communication. Mastering this beautiful language requires a strong foundation in verbs. Verbs are the backbone of any sentence, and understanding their conjugation, meaning, and usage is critical for fluency. 

This guide explores essential Persian verbs, their meanings, conjugation, and how to use them in the present tense. By focusing on these, learners can quickly elevate their language skills.

Why Mastering Essential Persian Verbs is Important

Persian verbs form the core of communication. Without them, expressing actions, intentions, or emotions becomes almost impossible. Persian verbs are versatile, allowing learners to describe the present, past, and future precisely. Mastering common Persian verbs builds confidence in conversations, writing, and comprehension.

Understanding Persian Verbs: The Basics

• • The Root and Structure of Persian Verbs

Persian verbs consist of two main parts:

• • The Root: The core meaning of the verb.

• • Prefixes and Suffixes: Added to indicate tense, mood, or subject.

For example:

• • Root: “رفتن” (raftan) – to go.

• • Present tense: “می‌روم” (miravam) – I go.

• • Verb Conjugation in Persian

Persian verbs conjugation varies depending on:

• • Tense (present, past, future).

• • Person (first, second, third).

• • Formality (formal or informal tone).

Essential Persian Verbs List

Below is a list of some of the most common Persian verbs every learner should know:

Persian Verb	Meaning	Example Sentence
رفتن (raftan)	To go	من به مدرسه می‌روم. (I go to school.)
آمدن (amadan)	To come	او به خانه می‌آید. (He comes home.)
دیدن (didan)	To see	من فیلم دیدم. (I saw a movie.)
گفتن (goftan)	To say	او حقیقت را گفت. (He said the truth.)
خوردن (khordan)	To eat	من ناهار خوردم. (I ate lunch.)

Essential Persian Verbs with Their Meanings

1. • داشتن (dashtan) – To have

This verb is used to indicate possession or existence.
Example: من یک کتاب دارم. (I have a book.)

1. • بودن (boodan) – To be

Often used as a linking verb in sentences.
Example: او معلم است. (He is a teacher.)

1. • خواستن (khastan) – To want

Useful for expressing desires or preferences.
Example: من چای می‌خواهم. (I want tea.)

1. • دادن (dadan) – To give

A versatile verb for transactions or offerings.
Example: او کتاب را به من داد. (He gave me the book.)

1. • کردن (kardan) – To do

Commonly used in compound verbs.
Example: من تکلیفم را انجام دادم. (I did my homework.)

Persian Verbs in the Present Tense

• Formation of Present Tense

To conjugate Persian verbs in the present tense, a prefix is added to the verb root:

• • می + root + personal ending.

For example:

• • Verb: رفتن (to go).

• • Present tense: می‌روم (miravam) – I go.

Examples of Common Verbs in Present Tense

1. • رفتن: می‌روم، می‌روی، می‌رود (I go, you go, he/she goes).

1. • آمدن: می‌آیم، می‌آیی، می‌آید (I come, you come, he/she comes).

1. • دیدن: می‌بینم، می‌بینی، می‌بیند (I see, you see, he/she sees).

Common Persian Verbs Used in Daily Life

• Action Verbs
• • خریدن (kharidan) – To buy.
    Example: من میوه خریدم. (I bought fruit.)

• • پوشیدن (pooshidan) – To wear.
    Example: او لباس می‌پوشد. (He wears clothes.)
• Emotion Verbs
• • دوست داشتن (doost dashtan) – To like/love.
    Example: من او را دوست دارم. (I like/love him/her.)

• • ترسیدن (tarsidan) – To fear.
    Example: من از تاریکی می‌ترسم. (I fear the dark.)