Rumi, the 13th-century Persian poet and Sufi thinker, is best known for a small number of deeply influential works that shaped Persian literature and spiritual thought. Rather than writing many books, Rumi focused on a few major texts that together form the core of his legacy. In this article, we explore the 3 best books written by Rumi and explain why each remains essential for readers today.

Who Was Rumi?

Jalal al-Din Rumi was born in 1207 in Balkh and later settled in Konya. He was a scholar, teacher, and spiritual guide whose writings blended poetry, storytelling, and philosophical insight. Rumi did not write books in the modern sense; instead, his works were compiled from lectures, poems, and oral teachings later recorded by his students.

The 3 Best Books Written by Rumi

1. Masnavi (Mathnawi)

The Masnavi is Rumi’s most important and influential work. Written in six volumes of rhyming couplets, it is often described as a spiritual guidebook rather than a traditional poetry collection.

Through stories, parables, and reflections, the Masnavi explores ethics, human behavior, spiritual growth, and the struggle between the ego and the soul. Its narrative style makes complex ideas accessible, which is why it has been studied for centuries in Sufi traditions.

Why it matters: The Masnavi is considered the cornerstone of Rumi’s teachings and one of the most important texts in Persian literature.

2. Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi

The Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi is a collection of lyrical poems written in the form of ghazals. This work is deeply emotional and was inspired by Rumi’s spiritual connection with Shams of Tabriz.

Unlike the structured storytelling of the Masnavi, the Divan is intense, passionate, and often spontaneous. It reflects moments of ecstasy, longing, and devotion, showing a more personal and emotional side of Rumi.

Why it matters: This book reveals Rumi as a poet of love and inner transformation, offering insight into his emotional and mystical experience.

3. Fihi Ma Fihi

Fihi Ma Fihi, meaning “It Is What It Is,” is a collection of Rumi’s prose talks and informal teachings. These texts were recorded by his students and later compiled into a book.

Unlike his poetry, this work is direct and conversational. Rumi discusses daily life, ethics, relationships, and spirituality in a practical and accessible way.

Why it matters: Fihi Ma Fihi is the best starting point for readers who want to understand Rumi’s ideas without poetry or symbolism.

Why These Three Books Define Rumi

Together, these three works represent the full range of Rumi’s thought:

• The Masnavi shows Rumi as a teacher and guide
• The Divan reveals his emotional and mystical depth
• Fihi Ma Fihi presents his practical wisdom in everyday language

FAQs

Did Rumi write many books?
No. Rumi’s legacy is based mainly on these three major works.

Which Rumi book should I start with?
Fihi Ma Fihi for clarity, Masnavi for depth, Divan-e Shams for poetry.

Are these books originally in Persian?
Yes. All were written in Persian, with some Arabic passages.